Spring事务配置的五种方式

以前看过事务，没去具体的学，今天面试又遇到这个问题，这是在网上看到的一篇好文章，加了一点自己的见解，分享给大家

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao"  
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">  
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />     
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="sessionFactory"  
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">  
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />  
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />
    </bean>  

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->  
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="transactionBase"  
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"  
            lazy-init="true" abstract="true">  
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->  
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->  
        <property name="transactionAttributes">  
            <props>  
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
            </props>  
        </property>  
    </bean>    
   
    <!-- 配置DAO -->
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >  
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />   
    </bean>
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

<beanid="transactionInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<propertyname="transactionManager"ref="transactionManager"/>
<!--配置事务属性-->
<propertyname="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<propkey="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

<beanclass="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<propertyname="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Dao</value>
</list>
</property>
<propertyname="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>

<!--配置DAO-->
<beanid="userDao"class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--tx中属性method定于对于哪些方法定义什么样的规则，像以get开头的读取方法我们一般不加事务，事务也会影响性能，

read-only定为只能读（其实可以不加），而其他的方法都要加事务-->
<tx:adviceid="txAdvice"transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:methodname="*"propagation="REQUIRED"/>

<tx:methodname="get*" read-only="true"propagation="NOT_SUPPORTED"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--aop中的变量定义事务的处理对象，在哪个层次的类加事务-->
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcutid="interceptorPointCuts"
expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"/>
<aop:advisoradvice-ref="txAdvice"
pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts"/>
</aop:config>
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beansxmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

<context:annotation-config/>
<context:component-scanbase-package="com.bluesky"/>

<tx:annotation-driventransaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<beanid="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<propertyname="configLocation"value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/>
<propertyname="configurationClass"value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"/>
</bean>

<!--定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）-->
<beanid="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<propertyname="sessionFactory"ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>

</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

packagecom.bluesky.spring.dao;

importjava.util.List;

importorg.hibernate.SessionFactory;
importorg.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
importorg.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
importorg.springframework.stereotype.Component;

importcom.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component("userDao")
publicclassUserDaoImplextendsHibernateDaoSupportimplementsUserDao {

publicList<User>listUsers() {
returnthis.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();
}


}